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When giving street directions, you have four basic directions: north, south, east, and west.
In XPath, a direction is called an axis.
In XPath, there are 13 directions called Axes.
child axis
attribute axis
ancestor axis
ancestor-or-self axis
descendant axis
descendant-or-self axis
following axis
following-sibling axis
namespace axis (not used in XQuery, and deprecated in XPath 2.0)
parent axis
preceding axis
preceding-sibling axis
self axis
In XPath, you might write something like this: /Book/Chapter[@number=2]
A relative location path could be written as follows: Chapter[@number=2]