Title: Implementation of the Memento Design Pattern
Question: How do you implement the MEMENTO Design Pattern in Delphi ?
Answer:
A Memento is an object that stores a snapshot of the
internal state of another object - the memento's originator,
according to Gamma, Helm, Johnson and Vlissides
("Design Patterns", Addision-Wesley, 1995)
In the following example the originator class is a class that
does some calculations named "tCalculator". The recall-class
must be a friend class of the originator class in order to
access the private variables that characterize the current state.
In delphi you can realize this if the two classes are defined
in the same unit.
A concrete implementation of the Memento design pattern looks
like this :
tCalculator = class
private
ValueA,ValueB,Interval : extended;
Strings : TStringList;
public
...
end;
tCalculatorRecall = class
private
RefObject : tCalculator;
ValueA,ValueB,Interval : extended;
Strings : TStringList;
public
constructor Create(Calculator : tCalculator);
destructor Destroy; override;
end;
constructor tCalculatorRecall.Create(Calculator: tCalculator);
begin
inherited Create;
RefObject := Calculator;
ValueA := RefObject.ValueA;
ValueB := RefObject.ValueB;
Interval := RefObject.Interval;
Strings := TStringList.Create;
Strings.Assign(RefObject.Strings);
end;
destructor tCalculatorRecall.Destroy;
begin
RefObject.ValueA := ValueA;
RefObject.ValueB := ValueB;
RefObject.Interval := Interval;
RefObject.Strings.Assign(Strings);
Strings.Free;
inherited Destroy;
end;
The following lines demonstrate how to use this class :
// Store state of object
CalculatorRecall:=tCalculatorRecall.Create(Calculator);
// Change the state of object to do some calculations
Calculator.ValueA := ...
Calculator.DoSomething;
// Restore the original state
CalculatorRecall.Destroy;
Examples from the VCL for the Memento Design Pattern
are tFontRecall, tPenRecall and tBrushRecall, three
new available classes in Delphi 6 that are derived from TRecall.
Of course you can also define your own classes in this way.
If you do this, consider two important points :
* Derive the originator class from TPersistent
* Implement the Assign procedure
Then our example looks like this :
TCalculator = class(TPersistent)
private
ValueA,ValueB,Interval : extended;
Strings : TStringList;
...
public
...
procedure Assign(Source: TPersistent); override;
...
end;
TCalculatorRecall = class(TRecall)
public
constructor Create(ACalculator : TCalculator);
end;
procedure tCalculator.Assign(Source: TPersistent);
var RefObject : tCalculator;
begin
if Source is tCalculator then
begin
RefObject := Source as tCalculator;
ValueA := RefObject.ValueA;
ValueB := RefObject.ValueB;
Interval := RefObject.Interval;
...
Strings.Assign(RefObject.Strings);
...
end else
inherited Assign(Source);
end;
constructor TCalculatorRecall.Create(ACalculator: TCalculator);
begin
inherited Create(TCalculator.Create, ACalculator);
end;