Title: How to identify drives assigned by the Subst command.
Question: Is it possible to recognize virtual drives?
Answer:
Recently I had two independent things that forced me focusing on this topic. While moving around on different computers for testing and developing my software I used the Subst command to make virtual drives with common names on the different machines (subst k: "C:\Documents and Settings\HoneggerF\My Documents\Proj", subst k: "F:\Winnt\Profiles\HoneggerF\Personal\Proj etc.).
At the same time I tested several Virus Scanners. Some of these have an option to just scan local hard drives. When I selected this option I realized that these programs considered a virtual drive letter the same as a "true" local drive or partition. In other words they where rescanning parts of the disk because they did not make a distinction. Stupid isn't it?
Then I remembered that some piece of code in one of my programs
a.) under certain conditions searches all local drives for a particular
database and
b.) estimates free space available on local harddrives and partition.
It is easy to guess, yeah I'm ignorant too and treat virtual drives the same.
In 1987 I wrote a program for DOS 4.0 that also had this search capability and guess what, ha it was "subst" and "join" aware using a undocumented DOS function call.
"OK", I said, "I will fix that, I'm convinced that there will be an appropriate API function similar to GetDriveType call!" But there was none.
By analysing the subst.exe of NT 4.0, W2K and WinXP with Dependency Walker (thanks to Microsoft's SDK) I realized that QueryDosDevice must do the job. By further investigations this API I realized that this call for NT-based Windows returns for virtual drives the path prefixed with \??\, i.e. for the above case when called for drive letter k a call to QueryDosDevice would return
\??\C:\Documents and Settings\HoneggerF\My Documents\Proj".
So for NT base windows I came up with the following function to isolate real local drives and partitions.
function IsRootDeviceNT(drive:char):boolean;
var
fp,dev: string;
begin
dev:=drive+':';
SetLength(fp,Max_Path+1);
SetLength(fp,QueryDosDevice(pchar(dev),pchar(fp),length(fp)));
result:=pos('\??\',fp)1;
end;
For Win95 based (better 16 Bit based) Windows the QueryDosDevice API call turned out to be useless. An analysis of Win95 and Win98 subst.exe showed, that it is still a 16-Bit DOS (MZ Header (Mark Zibowski) only) executable. Because I did not want to deliver a solution with undocumented DOS calls I did a research on MSDN for INT 21 long filename extensions introduced for Win95. The call INT 21, AX=$7160 (truename) that returns a given path name expanded, either replacing the normal or UNC path depending whether the drive letter is a subst or a map got my attraction. I finally arrived to the 16 Bit version of the above NT-function, given here in Borland Pascal:
function IsRoot(Drive:Char):WORDBOOL; export;
var
name: string;
truename: string;
charbuf: array[0..260] of char;
regs: tregisters;
result: WORDBOOL;
begin
IsRoot:=true;
name:=Upcase(Drive)+':\'#0;
{http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/default.asp?url=/library/en-us/win9x/95func_0488.asp}
regs.ax:=$7160;
regs.cx:=0;
regs.ds:=seg(name[1]);
regs.si:=ofs(name[1]);
regs.es:=seg(charbuf);
regs.di:=ofs(charbuf);
Intr($21,Regs);
if (regs.Flags AND Fcarry) 0 then begin
{on error we assume root}
exit;
end;
dec(name[0]);
{if the returned name is longer it cannot be root}
result:=StrLen(charbuf) If result then begin
{check if it is not a root alias}
truename:=StrPas(StrUpper(charbuf));
result:=truename=name;
end;
IsRoot:=result;
end;
Wonderful I thought, but how can I use 16 Bit code in a 32 Bit application. Luckily I did the reverse some years ago, which means I know the correct keywords for the next step: 16 Bit thunk and thunking. What does this mean? Put your 16 Bit functions into a 16 Bit Dll and call these functions by means of the thunking interface.
Thanks to Google I found a beautiful Delphi Magazine article http://www.thedelphimagazine.com/samples/thunk/thunk95.htm from Brian Long with accompanying Delphi code (QTThunkU unit) that helped me finishing these subst journey with ease.
Here is my unit with the helper routines I needed to fix my program. For those who like to experiment I appended a mime encoded zip with a test project FHSubst (Shows virtual drives in a string grid, if any) and the 16 bit dll W95isrt.dll. But warning, this zip does not include the QTThunkU unit from Brian Long. After downloading and joining this unit to the project you have to change QTTunkU as described in the header of USubstHelp.
Now that it is documented, I hope that future virus scanners arent subst ignorant any more, that future programs report correctly free space and that our beloved OS will get an different icon for virtual drives because GetDriveType got a companion GetDriveTypeEX.
{---------------------------------------------------------------------------
USubstHelp
Implements helper routines to detect path substitut drives
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Author: Flurin Honegger (FHO)
Edit History:
Who When What
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
FHO 31.10.2002 First Built
Dependencies on other files: see uses clause
Needs 16 bit W95isrt.dll helper dll on non nt based soho os versions
For QTThunkU (Brian Long) see
http://www.thedelphimagazine.com/samples/thunk/thunk95.htm
Set $Generic and comment the two lines in the unit initialization section.
(*
if @QT_Thunk = nil then
raise EThunkError.Create('Flat thunks only supported under Windows 95');
*)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------}
unit USubstHlp;
interface
uses
Classes, QTThunkU;
function SubstDrivePath(drive:char):string;
//get path name of drive substitutes. Is empty if none.
function SubstitutedDrives:TStringList;
//get a list of all substituted drives
function IsRootDevice(drive:char):boolean;
//returs true if the drive is not assoziated wit a path
implementation
uses
Windows, SysUtils;
const
cIsNt:Boolean=True;
function SubstDrivePath(drive:char):string;
function SubstDrivePathNT(drive:char):string;
var
fp,dev: string;
begin
dev:=drive+':';
SetLength(fp,Max_Path+1);
SetLength(fp,QueryDosDevice(pchar(dev),pchar(fp),length(fp)));
if pos('\??\',fp)=1 then
result:=StrPas(@fp[5])
else
result:='';
end;
function SubstDrivePath95(drive:char):string;
var
hW95isrt: HMODULE;
begin
Result:='';
hW95isrt:=LoadLibrary16('W95isrt.dll');
if (hW95isrt HInstance_Error) then begin
SetLength(result,Max_Path+1);
SetLength(result,Call16BitRoutine('SubstName',hW95isrt,ccPascal,
[drive,pchar(result),length(result)],
[sizeof(char),length(result),sizeof(longint)]));
//remove network drives returned
if pos('\\',result)=1 then
result:='';
FreeLibrary16(hW95isrt);
end;
end;
begin
If cIsNt then
result:=SubstDrivePathNT(Drive)
else
result:=SubstDrivePath95(Drive)
end;
function SubstitutedDrives:TStringList;
var
OldMode: uint;
LogicalDrives,s: String;
dp: pchar;
begin
//query data length
setlength(LogicalDrives,GetLogicalDriveStrings(0,Nil));
//get zero terminated list
GetLogicalDriveStrings(length(LogicalDrives),@LogicalDrives[1]);
result:=TStringList.Create;
OldMode:=SetErrorMode(SEM_FAILCRITICALERRORS);
try
dp:=@LogicalDrives[1];
while dp^ #0 do
begin
s:=SubstDrivePath(dp^);
if s'' then result.Add(dp^+':\='+s);
dp:=StrEnd(dp)+1;
end;
finally
SetErrorMode(OldMode);
end;
end;
function IsRootDevice(drive:char):boolean;
function IsRootDeviceNT(drive:char):boolean;
var
fp,dev: string;
begin
dev:=drive+':';
SetLength(fp,Max_Path+1);
SetLength(fp,QueryDosDevice(pchar(dev),pchar(fp),length(fp)));
result:=pos('\??\',fp)1;
end;
function IsRootDevice95(drive:char):wordbool;
var
hW95isrt: HMODULE;
begin
Result:=True;
hW95isrt:=LoadLibrary16('W95isrt.dll');
if (hW95isrt HInstance_Error) then begin
result:=wordbool(LoWord(Call16BitRoutine('IsRoot',hW95isrt,ccPascal,
[drive],[sizeof(char)])));
FreeLibrary16(hW95isrt);
end;
end;
begin
if cIsNt then
Result:=IsRootDeviceNT(drive)
else
Result:=IsRootDevice95(drive);
end;
function IsNT:Boolean;
var
osv:_OSVERSIONINFO;
begin
osv.dwOSVersionInfoSize:=SizeOf(osv);
GetVersionEX(osv);
result:=osv.dwPlatformId=VER_PLATFORM_WIN32_NT;
end;
initialization
cIsNt:=IsNt;
end.
{--------------------------cut after this line-----------------------------}
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