mysqldump outputs the table structure and data in series of SQL commands stored in a text file.
The simplified syntax is
c:\mysql\bin\mysqldump -u -p [] > file.sql
To back up a 'myDatabase' database:
c:\mysql\bin\mysqldump -u root -p myDatabase > myDatabase.sql
We could also have chosen to output just one table from the database, for example the employee table:
c:\mysql\bin\mysqldump -u root -p myDatabase employee > employee.sql
We could even dump all the databases out (providing we have the permissions).
c:\mysql\bin\mysqldump -u root -p --all-databases > alldb.sql