/*
DEVELOPING GAME IN JAVA
Caracteristiques
Editeur : NEW RIDERS
Auteur : BRACKEEN
Parution : 09 2003
Pages : 972
Isbn : 1-59273-005-1
Reliure : Paperback
Disponibilite : Disponible a la librairie
*/
import java.awt.Color;
import java.awt.Container;
import java.awt.DisplayMode;
import java.awt.EventQueue;
import java.awt.FlowLayout;
import java.awt.Font;
import java.awt.Graphics2D;
import java.awt.GraphicsConfiguration;
import java.awt.GraphicsDevice;
import java.awt.GraphicsEnvironment;
import java.awt.Image;
import java.awt.Toolkit;
import java.awt.Window;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.awt.image.BufferStrategy;
import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
import java.io.BufferedInputStream;
import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
import java.io.DataInputStream;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FilterInputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
import java.util.LinkedList;
import javax.sound.midi.InvalidMidiDataException;
import javax.sound.midi.MetaEventListener;
import javax.sound.midi.MetaMessage;
import javax.sound.midi.MidiSystem;
import javax.sound.midi.MidiUnavailableException;
import javax.sound.midi.Sequence;
import javax.sound.midi.Sequencer;
import javax.sound.sampled.AudioFormat;
import javax.sound.sampled.AudioInputStream;
import javax.sound.sampled.AudioSystem;
import javax.sound.sampled.DataLine;
import javax.sound.sampled.LineUnavailableException;
import javax.sound.sampled.Mixer;
import javax.sound.sampled.SourceDataLine;
import javax.sound.sampled.UnsupportedAudioFileException;
import javax.swing.AbstractButton;
import javax.swing.ImageIcon;
import javax.swing.JButton;
import javax.swing.JComponent;
import javax.swing.JFrame;
import javax.swing.JToggleButton;
import javax.swing.RepaintManager;
/**
* The SoundManagerTest demonstrates the functionality of the SoundManager
* class. It provides the following demos:
*
* - Playing a Midi sequence.
* - Toggle a track of a playing Midi sequence.
* - Playing a sound.
* - Playing a Sound with an Echo filter.
* - Looping a sound.
* - Playing the maximum number of sounds at once.
* - Pausing all sounds.
*
*
* This class wasn't listed in the book ;)
*
* @see SoundManager
* @see Sound
* @see SoundFilter
*/
public class SoundManagerTest extends GameCore implements ActionListener {
public static void main(String[] args) {
new SoundManagerTest().run();
}
// uncompressed, 44100Hz, 16-bit, mono, signed, little-endian
private static final AudioFormat PLAYBACK_FORMAT = new AudioFormat(44100,
16, 1, true, false);
private static final int MANY_SOUNDS_COUNT = SoundManager
.getMaxSimultaneousSounds(PLAYBACK_FORMAT);
private static final int DRUM_TRACK = 1;
private static final String EXIT = "Exit";
private static final String PAUSE = "Pause";
private static final String PLAY_MUSIC = "Play Music";
private static final String MUSIC_DRUMS = "Toggle Drums";
private static final String PLAY_SOUND = "Play Sound";
private static final String PLAY_ECHO_SOUND = "Play Echoed Sound";
private static final String PLAY_LOOPING_SOUND = "Play Looping Sound";
private static final String PLAY_MANY_SOUNDS = "Play " + MANY_SOUNDS_COUNT
+ " Sounds";
private SoundManager soundManager;
private MidiPlayer midiPlayer;
private Sequence music;
private Sound boop;
private Sound bzz;
private InputStream lastloopingSound;
public void init() {
super.init();
initSounds();
initUI();
}
/**
* Loads sounds and music.
*/
public void initSounds() {
midiPlayer = new MidiPlayer();
soundManager = new SoundManager(PLAYBACK_FORMAT);
music = midiPlayer.getSequence("../sounds/music.midi");
boop = soundManager.getSound("../sounds/boop.wav");
bzz = soundManager.getSound("../sounds/fly-bzz.wav");
}
/**
* Creates the UI, which is a row of buttons.
*/
public void initUI() {
// make sure Swing components don't paint themselves
NullRepaintManager.install();
JFrame frame = super.screen.getFullScreenWindow();
Container contentPane = frame.getContentPane();
contentPane.setLayout(new FlowLayout());
contentPane.add(createButton(PAUSE, true));
contentPane.add(createButton(PLAY_MUSIC, true));
contentPane.add(createButton(MUSIC_DRUMS, false));
contentPane.add(createButton(PLAY_SOUND, false));
contentPane.add(createButton(PLAY_ECHO_SOUND, false));
contentPane.add(createButton(PLAY_LOOPING_SOUND, true));
contentPane.add(createButton(PLAY_MANY_SOUNDS, false));
contentPane.add(createButton(EXIT, false));
// explicitly layout components (needed on some systems)
frame.validate();
}
/**
* Draws all Swing components
*/
public void draw(Graphics2D g) {
JFrame frame = super.screen.getFullScreenWindow();
frame.getLayeredPane().paintComponents(g);
}
/**
* Creates a button (either JButton or JToggleButton).
*/
public AbstractButton createButton(String name, boolean canToggle) {
AbstractButton button;
if (canToggle) {
button = new JToggleButton(name);
} else {
button = new JButton(name);
}
button.addActionListener(this);
button.setIgnoreRepaint(true);
button.setFocusable(false);
return button;
}
/**
* Performs actions when a button is pressed.
*/
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
String command = e.getActionCommand();
AbstractButton button = (AbstractButton) e.getSource();
if (command == EXIT) {
midiPlayer.close();
soundManager.close();
stop();
} else if (command == PAUSE) {
// pause the sound
soundManager.setPaused(button.isSelected());
midiPlayer.setPaused(button.isSelected());
} else if (command == PLAY_MUSIC) {
// toggle music on or off
if (button.isSelected()) {
midiPlayer.play(music, true);
} else {
midiPlayer.stop();
}
} else if (command == MUSIC_DRUMS) {
// toggle drums on or off
Sequencer sequencer = midiPlayer.getSequencer();
if (sequencer != null) {
boolean mute = sequencer.getTrackMute(DRUM_TRACK);
sequencer.setTrackMute(DRUM_TRACK, !mute);
}
} else if (command == PLAY_SOUND) {
// play a normal sound
soundManager.play(boop);
} else if (command == PLAY_ECHO_SOUND) {
// play a sound with an echo
EchoFilter filter = new EchoFilter(11025, .6f);
soundManager.play(boop, filter, false);
} else if (command == PLAY_LOOPING_SOUND) {
// play or stop the looping sound
if (button.isSelected()) {
lastloopingSound = soundManager.play(bzz, null, true);
} else if (lastloopingSound != null) {
try {
lastloopingSound.close();
} catch (IOException ex) {
}
lastloopingSound = null;
}
} else if (command == PLAY_MANY_SOUNDS) {
// play several sounds at once, to test the system
for (int i = 0; i < MANY_SOUNDS_COUNT; i++) {
soundManager.play(boop);
}
}
}
}
/**
* The SoundManager class manages sound playback. The SoundManager is a
* ThreadPool, with each thread playing back one sound at a time. This allows
* the SoundManager to easily limit the number of simultaneous sounds being
* played.
*
* Possible ideas to extend this class:
*
* - add a setMasterVolume() method, which uses Controls to set the volume
* for each line.
* - don't play a sound if more than, say, 500ms has passed since the request
* to play
*
*/
class SoundManager extends ThreadPool {
private AudioFormat playbackFormat;
private ThreadLocal localLine;
private ThreadLocal localBuffer;
private Object pausedLock;
private boolean paused;
/**
* Creates a new SoundManager using the maximum number of simultaneous
* sounds.
*/
public SoundManager(AudioFormat playbackFormat) {
this(playbackFormat, getMaxSimultaneousSounds(playbackFormat));
}
/**
* Creates a new SoundManager with the specified maximum number of
* simultaneous sounds.
*/
public SoundManager(AudioFormat playbackFormat, int maxSimultaneousSounds) {
super(Math.min(maxSimultaneousSounds,
getMaxSimultaneousSounds(playbackFormat)));
this.playbackFormat = playbackFormat;
localLine = new ThreadLocal();
localBuffer = new ThreadLocal();
pausedLock = new Object();
// notify threads in pool it's ok to start
synchronized (this) {
notifyAll();
}
}
/**
* Gets the maximum number of simultaneous sounds with the specified
* AudioFormat that the default mixer can play.
*/
public static int getMaxSimultaneousSounds(AudioFormat playbackFormat) {
DataLine.Info lineInfo = new DataLine.Info(SourceDataLine.class,
playbackFormat);
Mixer mixer = AudioSystem.getMixer(null);
return mixer.getMaxLines(lineInfo);
}
/**
* Does any clean up before closing.
*/
protected void cleanUp() {
// signal to unpause
setPaused(false);
// close the mixer (stops any running sounds)
Mixer mixer = AudioSystem.getMixer(null);
if (mixer.isOpen()) {
mixer.close();
}
}
public void close() {
cleanUp();
super.close();
}
public void join() {
cleanUp();
super.join();
}
/**
* Sets the paused state. Sounds may not pause immediately.
*/
public void setPaused(boolean paused) {
if (this.paused != paused) {
synchronized (pausedLock) {
this.paused = paused;
if (!paused) {
// restart sounds
pausedLock.notifyAll();
}
}
}
}
/**
* Returns the paused state.
*/
public boolean isPaused() {
return paused;
}
/**
* Loads a Sound from the file system. Returns null if an error occurs.
*/
public Sound getSound(String filename) {
return getSound(getAudioInputStream(filename));
}
/**
* Loads a Sound from an input stream. Returns null if an error occurs.
*/
public Sound getSound(InputStream is) {
return getSound(getAudioInputStream(is));
}
/**
* Loads a Sound from an AudioInputStream.
*/
public Sound getSound(AudioInputStream audioStream) {
if (audioStream == null) {
return null;
}
// get the number of bytes to read
int length = (int) (audioStream.getFrameLength() * audioStream
.getFormat().getFrameSize());
// read the entire stream
byte[] samples = new byte[length];
DataInputStream is = new DataInputStream(audioStream);
try {
is.readFully(samples);
is.close();
} catch (IOException ex) {
ex.printStackTrace();
}
// return the samples
return new Sound(samples);
}
/**
* Creates an AudioInputStream from a sound from the file system.
*/
public AudioInputStream getAudioInputStream(String filename) {
try {
return getAudioInputStream(new FileInputStream(filename));
} catch (IOException ex) {
ex.printStackTrace();
return null;
}
}
/**
* Creates an AudioInputStream from a sound from an input stream
*/
public AudioInputStream getAudioInputStream(InputStream is) {
try {
if (!is.markSupported()) {
is = new BufferedInputStream(is);
}
// open the source stream
AudioInputStream source = AudioSystem.getAudioInputStream(is);
// convert to playback format
return AudioSystem.getAudioInputStream(playbackFormat, source);
} catch (UnsupportedAudioFileException ex) {
ex.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException ex) {
ex.printStackTrace();
} catch (IllegalArgumentException ex) {
ex.printStackTrace();
}
return null;
}
/**
* Plays a sound. This method returns immediately.
*/
public InputStream play(Sound sound) {
return play(sound, null, false);
}
/**
* Plays a sound with an optional SoundFilter, and optionally looping. This
* method returns immediately.
*/
public InputStream play(Sound sound, SoundFilter filter, boolean loop) {
InputStream is;
if (sound != null) {
if (loop) {
is = new LoopingByteInputStream(sound.getSamples());
} else {
is = new ByteArrayInputStream(sound.getSamples());
}
return play(is, filter);
}
return null;
}
/**
* Plays a sound from an InputStream. This method returns immediately.
*/
public InputStream play(InputStream is) {
return play(is, null);
}
/**
* Plays a sound from an InputStream with an optional sound filter. This
* method returns immediately.
*/
public InputStream play(InputStream is, SoundFilter filter) {
if (is != null) {
if (filter != null) {
is = new FilteredSoundStream(is, filter);
}
runTask(new SoundPlayer(is));
}
return is;
}
/**
* Signals that a PooledThread has started. Creates the Thread's line and
* buffer.
*/
protected void threadStarted() {
// wait for the SoundManager constructor to finish
synchronized (this) {
try {
wait();
} catch (InterruptedException ex) {
}
}
// use a short, 100ms (1/10th sec) buffer for filters that
// change in real-time
int bufferSize = playbackFormat.getFrameSize()
* Math.round(playbackFormat.getSampleRate() / 10);
// create, open, and start the line
SourceDataLine line;
DataLine.Info lineInfo = new DataLine.Info(SourceDataLine.class,
playbackFormat);
try {
line = (SourceDataLine) AudioSystem.getLine(lineInfo);
line.open(playbackFormat, bufferSize);
} catch (LineUnavailableException ex) {
// the line is unavailable - signal to end this thread
Thread.currentThread().interrupt();
return;
}
line.start();
// create the buffer
byte[] buffer = new byte[bufferSize];
// set this thread's locals
localLine.set(line);
localBuffer.set(buffer);
}
/**
* Signals that a PooledThread has stopped. Drains and closes the Thread's
* Line.
*/
protected void threadStopped() {
SourceDataLine line = (SourceDataLine) localLine.get();
if (line != null) {
line.drain();
line.close();
}
}
/**
* The SoundPlayer class is a task for the PooledThreads to run. It receives
* the threads's Line and byte buffer from the ThreadLocal variables and
* plays a sound from an InputStream.
*
* This class only works when called from a PooledThread.
*/
protected class SoundPlayer implements Runnable {
private InputStream source;
public SoundPlayer(InputStream source) {
this.source = source;
}
public void run() {
// get line and buffer from ThreadLocals
SourceDataLine line = (SourceDataLine) localLine.get();
byte[] buffer = (byte[]) localBuffer.get();
if (line == null || buffer == null) {
// the line is unavailable
return;
}
// copy data to the line
try {
int numBytesRead = 0;
while (numBytesRead != -1) {
// if paused, wait until unpaused
synchronized (pausedLock) {
if (paused) {
try {
pausedLock.wait();
} catch (InterruptedException ex) {
return;
}
}
}
// copy data
numBytesRead = source.read(buffer, 0, buffer.length);
if (numBytesRead != -1) {
line.write(buffer, 0, numBytesRead);
}
}
} catch (IOException ex) {
ex.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
class MidiPlayer implements MetaEventListener {
// Midi meta event
public static final int END_OF_TRACK_MESSAGE = 47;
private Sequencer sequencer;
private boolean loop;
private boolean paused;
/**
* Creates a new MidiPlayer object.
*/
public MidiPlayer() {
try {
sequencer = MidiSystem.getSequencer();
sequencer.open();
sequencer.addMetaEventListener(this);
} catch (MidiUnavailableException ex) {
sequencer = null;
}
}
/**
* Loads a sequence from the file system. Returns null if an error occurs.
*/
public Sequence getSequence(String filename) {
try {
return getSequence(new FileInputStream(filename));
} catch (IOException ex) {
ex.printStackTrace();
return null;
}
}
/**
* Loads a sequence from an input stream. Returns null if an error occurs.
*/
public Sequence getSequence(InputStream is) {
try {
if (!is.markSupported()) {
is = new BufferedInputStream(is);
}
Sequence s = MidiSystem.getSequence(is);
is.close();
return s;
} catch (InvalidMidiDataException ex) {
ex.printStackTrace();
return null;
} catch (IOException ex) {
ex.printStackTrace();
return null;
}
}
/**
* Plays a sequence, optionally looping. This method returns immediately.
* The sequence is not played if it is invalid.
*/
public void play(Sequence sequence, boolean loop) {
if (sequencer != null && sequence != null && sequencer.isOpen()) {
try {
sequencer.setSequence(sequence);
sequencer.start();
this.loop = loop;
} catch (InvalidMidiDataException ex) {
ex.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
/**
* This method is called by the sound system when a meta event occurs. In
* this case, when the end-of-track meta event is received, the sequence is
* restarted if looping is on.
*/
public void meta(MetaMessage event) {
if (event.getType() == END_OF_TRACK_MESSAGE) {
if (sequencer != null && sequencer.isOpen() && loop) {
sequencer.start();
}
}
}
/**
* Stops the sequencer and resets its position to 0.
*/
public void stop() {
if (sequencer != null && sequencer.isOpen()) {
sequencer.stop();
sequencer.setMicrosecondPosition(0);
}
}
/**
* Closes the sequencer.
*/
public void close() {
if (sequencer != null && sequencer.isOpen()) {
sequencer.close();
}
}
/**
* Gets the sequencer.
*/
public Sequencer getSequencer() {
return sequencer;
}
/**
* Sets the paused state. Music may not immediately pause.
*/
public void setPaused(boolean paused) {
if (this.paused != paused && sequencer != null && sequencer.isOpen()) {
this.paused = paused;
if (paused) {
sequencer.stop();
} else {
sequencer.start();
}
}
}
/**
* Returns the paused state.
*/
public boolean isPaused() {
return paused;
}
}
/**
* Simple abstract class used for testing. Subclasses should implement the
* draw() method.
*/
abstract class GameCore {
protected static final int FONT_SIZE = 24;
private static final DisplayMode POSSIBLE_MODES[] = {
new DisplayMode(800, 600, 32, 0), new DisplayMode(800, 600, 24, 0),
new DisplayMode(800, 600, 16, 0), new DisplayMode(640, 480, 32, 0),
new DisplayMode(640, 480, 24, 0), new DisplayMode(640, 480, 16, 0) };
private boolean isRunning;
protected ScreenManager screen;
/**
* Signals the game loop that it's time to quit
*/
public void stop() {
isRunning = false;
}
/**
* Calls init() and gameLoop()
*/
public void run() {
try {
init();
gameLoop();
} finally {
screen.restoreScreen();
}
}
/**
* Sets full screen mode and initiates and objects.
*/
public void init() {
screen = new ScreenManager();
DisplayMode displayMode = screen
.findFirstCompatibleMode(POSSIBLE_MODES);
screen.setFullScreen(displayMode);
Window window = screen.getFullScreenWindow();
window.setFont(new Font("Dialog", Font.PLAIN, FONT_SIZE));
window.setBackground(Color.blue);
window.setForeground(Color.white);
isRunning = true;
}
public Image loadImage(String fileName) {
return new ImageIcon(fileName).getImage();
}
/**
* Runs through the game loop until stop() is called.
*/
public void gameLoop() {
long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
long currTime = startTime;
while (isRunning) {
long elapsedTime = System.currentTimeMillis() - currTime;
currTime += elapsedTime;
// update
update(elapsedTime);
// draw the screen
Graphics2D g = screen.getGraphics();
draw(g);
g.dispose();
screen.update();
// take a nap
try {
Thread.sleep(20);
} catch (InterruptedException ex) {
}
}
}
/**
* Updates the state of the game/animation based on the amount of elapsed
* time that has passed.
*/
public void update(long elapsedTime) {
// do nothing
}
/**
* Draws to the screen. Subclasses must override this method.
*/
public abstract void draw(Graphics2D g);
}
/**
* The NullRepaintManager is a RepaintManager that doesn't do any repainting.
* Useful when all the rendering is done manually by the application.
*/
class NullRepaintManager extends RepaintManager {
/**
* Installs the NullRepaintManager.
*/
public static void install() {
RepaintManager repaintManager = new NullRepaintManager();
repaintManager.setDoubleBufferingEnabled(false);
RepaintManager.setCurrentManager(repaintManager);
}
public void addInvalidComponent(JComponent c) {
// do nothing
}
public void addDirtyRegion(JComponent c, int x, int y, int w, int h) {
// do nothing
}
public void markCompletelyDirty(JComponent c) {
// do nothing
}
public void paintDirtyRegions() {
// do nothing
}
}
/**
* The ScreenManager class manages initializing and displaying full screen
* graphics modes.
*/
class ScreenManager {
private GraphicsDevice device;
/**
* Creates a new ScreenManager object.
*/
public ScreenManager() {
GraphicsEnvironment environment = GraphicsEnvironment
.getLocalGraphicsEnvironment();
device = environment.getDefaultScreenDevice();
}
/**
* Returns a list of compatible display modes for the default device on the
* system.
*/
public DisplayMode[] getCompatibleDisplayModes() {
return device.getDisplayModes();
}
/**
* Returns the first compatible mode in a list of modes. Returns null if no
* modes are compatible.
*/
public DisplayMode findFirstCompatibleMode(DisplayMode modes[]) {
DisplayMode goodModes[] = device.getDisplayModes();
for (int i = 0; i < modes.length; i++) {
for (int j = 0; j < goodModes.length; j++) {
if (displayModesMatch(modes[i], goodModes[j])) {
return modes[i];
}
}
}
return null;
}
/**
* Returns the current display mode.
*/
public DisplayMode getCurrentDisplayMode() {
return device.getDisplayMode();
}
/**
* Determines if two display modes "match". Two display modes match if they
* have the same resolution, bit depth, and refresh rate. The bit depth is
* ignored if one of the modes has a bit depth of
* DisplayMode.BIT_DEPTH_MULTI. Likewise, the refresh rate is ignored if one
* of the modes has a refresh rate of DisplayMode.REFRESH_RATE_UNKNOWN.
*/
public boolean displayModesMatch(DisplayMode mode1, DisplayMode mode2)
{
if (mode1.getWidth() != mode2.getWidth()
|| mode1.getHeight() != mode2.getHeight()) {
return false;
}
if (mode1.getBitDepth() != DisplayMode.BIT_DEPTH_MULTI
&& mode2.getBitDepth() != DisplayMode.BIT_DEPTH_MULTI
&& mode1.getBitDepth() != mode2.getBitDepth()) {
return false;
}
if (mode1.getRefreshRate() != DisplayMode.REFRESH_RATE_UNKNOWN
&& mode2.getRefreshRate() != DisplayMode.REFRESH_RATE_UNKNOWN
&& mode1.getRefreshRate() != mode2.getRefreshRate()) {
return false;
}
return true;
}
/**
* Enters full screen mode and changes the display mode. If the specified
* display mode is null or not compatible with this device, or if the
* display mode cannot be changed on this system, the current display mode
* is used.
*
* The display uses a BufferStrategy with 2 buffers.
*/
public void setFullScreen(DisplayMode displayMode) {
final JFrame frame = new JFrame();
frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
frame.setUndecorated(true);
frame.setIgnoreRepaint(true);
frame.setResizable(false);
device.setFullScreenWindow(frame);
if (displayMode != null && device.isDisplayChangeSupported()) {
try {
device.setDisplayMode(displayMode);
} catch (IllegalArgumentException ex) {
}
// fix for mac os x
frame.setSize(displayMode.getWidth(), displayMode.getHeight());
}
// avoid potential deadlock in 1.4.1_02
try {
EventQueue.invokeAndWait(new Runnable() {
public void run() {
frame.createBufferStrategy(2);
}
});
} catch (InterruptedException ex) {
// ignore
} catch (InvocationTargetException ex) {
// ignore
}
}
/**
* Gets the graphics context for the display. The ScreenManager uses double
* buffering, so applications must call update() to show any graphics drawn.
*
* The application must dispose of the graphics object.
*/
public Graphics2D getGraphics() {
Window window = device.getFullScreenWindow();
if (window != null) {
BufferStrategy strategy = window.getBufferStrategy();
return (Graphics2D) strategy.getDrawGraphics();
} else {
return null;
}
}
/**
* Updates the display.
*/
public void update() {
Window window = device.getFullScreenWindow();
if (window != null) {
BufferStrategy strategy = window.getBufferStrategy();
if (!strategy.contentsLost()) {
strategy.show();
}
}
// Sync the display on some systems.
// (on Linux, this fixes event queue problems)
Toolkit.getDefaultToolkit().sync();
}
/**
* Returns the window currently used in full screen mode. Returns null if
* the device is not in full screen mode.
*/
public JFrame getFullScreenWindow() {
return (JFrame) device.getFullScreenWindow();
}
/**
* Returns the width of the window currently used in full screen mode.
* Returns 0 if the device is not in full screen mode.
*/
public int getWidth() {
Window window = device.getFullScreenWindow();
if (window != null) {
return window.getWidth();
} else {
return 0;
}
}
/**
* Returns the height of the window currently used in full screen mode.
* Returns 0 if the device is not in full screen mode.
*/
public int getHeight() {
Window window = device.getFullScreenWindow();
if (window != null) {
return window.getHeight();
} else {
return 0;
}
}
/**
* Restores the screen's display mode.
*/
public void restoreScreen() {
Window window = device.getFullScreenWindow();
if (window != null) {
window.dispose();
}
device.setFullScreenWindow(null);
}
/**
* Creates an image compatible with the current display.
*/
public BufferedImage createCompatibleImage(int w, int h, int transparancy) {
Window window = device.getFullScreenWindow();
if (window != null) {
GraphicsConfiguration gc = window.getGraphicsConfiguration();
return gc.createCompatibleImage(w, h, transparancy);
}
return null;
}
}
/**
* The EchoFilter class is a SoundFilter that emulates an echo.
*
* @see FilteredSoundStream
*/
class EchoFilter extends SoundFilter {
private short[] delayBuffer;
private int delayBufferPos;
private float decay;
/**
* Creates an EchoFilter with the specified number of delay samples and the
* specified decay rate.
*
* The number of delay samples specifies how long before the echo is
* initially heard. For a 1 second echo with mono, 44100Hz sound, use 44100
* delay samples.
*
* The decay value is how much the echo has decayed from the source. A decay
* value of .5 means the echo heard is half as loud as the source.
*/
public EchoFilter(int numDelaySamples, float decay) {
delayBuffer = new short[numDelaySamples];
this.decay = decay;
}
/**
* Gets the remaining size, in bytes, of samples that this filter can echo
* after the sound is done playing. Ensures that the sound will have decayed
* to below 1% of maximum volume (amplitude).
*/
public int getRemainingSize() {
float finalDecay = 0.01f;
// derived from Math.pow(decay,x) <= finalDecay
int numRemainingBuffers = (int) Math.ceil(Math.log(finalDecay)
/ Math.log(decay));
int bufferSize = delayBuffer.length * 2;
return bufferSize * numRemainingBuffers;
}
/**
* Clears this EchoFilter's internal delay buffer.
*/
public void reset() {
for (int i = 0; i < delayBuffer.length; i++) {
delayBuffer[i] = 0;
}
delayBufferPos = 0;
}
/**
* Filters the sound samples to add an echo. The samples played are added to
* the sound in the delay buffer multipied by the decay rate. The result is
* then stored in the delay buffer, so multiple echoes are heard.
*/
public void filter(byte[] samples, int offset, int length) {
for (int i = offset; i < offset + length; i += 2) {
// update the sample
short oldSample = getSample(samples, i);
short newSample = (short) (oldSample + decay
* delayBuffer[delayBufferPos]);
setSample(samples, i, newSample);
// update the delay buffer
delayBuffer[delayBufferPos] = newSample;
delayBufferPos++;
if (delayBufferPos == delayBuffer.length) {
delayBufferPos = 0;
}
}
}
}
/**
* A abstract class designed to filter sound samples. Since SoundFilters may use
* internal buffering of samples, a new SoundFilter object should be created for
* every sound played. However, SoundFilters can be reused after they are
* finished by called the reset() method.
*
* Assumes all samples are 16-bit, signed, little-endian format.
*
* @see FilteredSoundStream
*/
abstract class SoundFilter {
/**
* Resets this SoundFilter. Does nothing by default.
*/
public void reset() {
// do nothing
}
/**
* Gets the remaining size, in bytes, that this filter plays after the sound
* is finished. An example would be an echo that plays longer than it's
* original sound. This method returns 0 by default.
*/
public int getRemainingSize() {
return 0;
}
/**
* Filters an array of samples. Samples should be in 16-bit, signed,
* little-endian format.
*/
public void filter(byte[] samples) {
filter(samples, 0, samples.length);
}
/**
* Filters an array of samples. Samples should be in 16-bit, signed,
* little-endian format. This method should be implemented by subclasses.
*/
public abstract void filter(byte[] samples, int offset, int length);
/**
* Convenience method for getting a 16-bit sample from a byte array. Samples
* should be in 16-bit, signed, little-endian format.
*/
public static short getSample(byte[] buffer, int position) {
return (short) (((buffer[position + 1] & 0xff) << 8) | (buffer[position] & 0xff));
}
/**
* Convenience method for setting a 16-bit sample in a byte array. Samples
* should be in 16-bit, signed, little-endian format.
*/
public static void setSample(byte[] buffer, int position, short sample) {
buffer[position] = (byte) (sample & 0xff);
buffer[position + 1] = (byte) ((sample >> 8) & 0xff);
}
}
/**
* A thread pool is a group of a limited number of threads that are used to
* execute tasks.
*/
class ThreadPool extends ThreadGroup {
private boolean isAlive;
private LinkedList taskQueue;
private int threadID;
private static int threadPoolID;
/**
* Creates a new ThreadPool.
*
* @param numThreads
* The number of threads in the pool.
*/
public ThreadPool(int numThreads) {
super("ThreadPool-" + (threadPoolID++));
setDaemon(true);
isAlive = true;
taskQueue = new LinkedList();
for (int i = 0; i < numThreads; i++) {
new PooledThread().start();
}
}
/**
* Requests a new task to run. This method returns immediately, and the task
* executes on the next available idle thread in this ThreadPool.
*
* Tasks start execution in the order they are received.
*
* @param task
* The task to run. If null, no action is taken.
* @throws IllegalStateException
* if this ThreadPool is already closed.
*/
public synchronized void runTask(Runnable task) {
if (!isAlive) {
throw new IllegalStateException();
}
if (task != null) {
taskQueue.add(task);
notify();
}
}
protected synchronized Runnable getTask() throws InterruptedException {
while (taskQueue.size() == 0) {
if (!isAlive) {
return null;
}
wait();
}
return (Runnable) taskQueue.removeFirst();
}
/**
* Closes this ThreadPool and returns immediately. All threads are stopped,
* and any waiting tasks are not executed. Once a ThreadPool is closed, no
* more tasks can be run on this ThreadPool.
*/
public synchronized void close() {
if (isAlive) {
isAlive = false;
taskQueue.clear();
interrupt();
}
}
/**
* Closes this ThreadPool and waits for all running threads to finish. Any
* waiting tasks are executed.
*/
public void join() {
// notify all waiting threads that this ThreadPool is no
// longer alive
synchronized (this) {
isAlive = false;
notifyAll();
}
// wait for all threads to finish
Thread[] threads = new Thread[activeCount()];
int count = enumerate(threads);
for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
try {
threads[i].join();
} catch (InterruptedException ex) {
}
}
}
/**
* Signals that a PooledThread has started. This method does nothing by
* default; subclasses should override to do any thread-specific startup
* tasks.
*/
protected void threadStarted() {
// do nothing
}
/**
* Signals that a PooledThread has stopped. This method does nothing by
* default; subclasses should override to do any thread-specific cleanup
* tasks.
*/
protected void threadStopped() {
// do nothing
}
/**
* A PooledThread is a Thread in a ThreadPool group, designed to run tasks
* (Runnables).
*/
private class PooledThread extends Thread {
public PooledThread() {
super(ThreadPool.this, "PooledThread-" + (threadID++));
}
public void run() {
// signal that this thread has started
threadStarted();
while (!isInterrupted()) {
// get a task to run
Runnable task = null;
try {
task = getTask();
} catch (InterruptedException ex) {
}
// if getTask() returned null or was interrupted,
// close this thread.
if (task == null) {
break;
}
// run the task, and eat any exceptions it throws
try {
task.run();
} catch (Throwable t) {
uncaughtException(this, t);
}
}
// signal that this thread has stopped
threadStopped();
}
}
}
/**
* The Sound class is a container for sound samples. The sound samples are
* format-agnostic and are stored as a byte array.
*/
class Sound {
private byte[] samples;
/**
* Create a new Sound object with the specified byte array. The array is not
* copied.
*/
public Sound(byte[] samples) {
this.samples = samples;
}
/**
* Returns this Sound's objects samples as a byte array.
*/
public byte[] getSamples() {
return samples;
}
}
/**
* The LoopingByteInputStream is a ByteArrayInputStream that loops indefinitly.
* The looping stops when the close() method is called.
*
* Possible ideas to extend this class:
*
* - Add an option to only loop a certain number of times.
*
*/
class LoopingByteInputStream extends ByteArrayInputStream {
private boolean closed;
/**
* Creates a new LoopingByteInputStream with the specified byte array. The
* array is not copied.
*/
public LoopingByteInputStream(byte[] buffer) {
super(buffer);
closed = false;
}
/**
* Reads length bytes from the array. If the end of the array
* is reached, the reading starts over from the beginning of the array.
* Returns -1 if the array has been closed.
*/
public int read(byte[] buffer, int offset, int length) {
if (closed) {
return -1;
}
int totalBytesRead = 0;
while (totalBytesRead < length) {
int numBytesRead = super.read(buffer, offset + totalBytesRead,
length - totalBytesRead);
if (numBytesRead > 0) {
totalBytesRead += numBytesRead;
} else {
reset();
}
}
return totalBytesRead;
}
/**
* Closes the stream. Future calls to the read() methods will return 1.
*/
public void close() throws IOException {
super.close();
closed = true;
}
}
/**
* The FilteredSoundStream class is a FilterInputStream that applies a
* SoundFilter to the underlying input stream.
*
* @see SoundFilter
*/
class FilteredSoundStream extends FilterInputStream {
private static final int REMAINING_SIZE_UNKNOWN = -1;
private SoundFilter soundFilter;
private int remainingSize;
/**
* Creates a new FilteredSoundStream object with the specified InputStream
* and SoundFilter.
*/
public FilteredSoundStream(InputStream in, SoundFilter soundFilter) {
super(in);
this.soundFilter = soundFilter;
remainingSize = REMAINING_SIZE_UNKNOWN;
}
/**
* Overrides the FilterInputStream method to apply this filter whenever
* bytes are read
*/
public int read(byte[] samples, int offset, int length) throws IOException {
// read and filter the sound samples in the stream
int bytesRead = super.read(samples, offset, length);
if (bytesRead > 0) {
soundFilter.filter(samples, offset, bytesRead);
return bytesRead;
}
// if there are no remaining bytes in the sound stream,
// check if the filter has any remaining bytes ("echoes").
if (remainingSize == REMAINING_SIZE_UNKNOWN) {
remainingSize = soundFilter.getRemainingSize();
// round down to nearest multiple of 4
// (typical frame size)
remainingSize = remainingSize / 4 * 4;
}
if (remainingSize > 0) {
length = Math.min(length, remainingSize);
// clear the buffer
for (int i = offset; i < offset + length; i++) {
samples[i] = 0;
}
// filter the remaining bytes
soundFilter.filter(samples, offset, length);
remainingSize -= length;
// return
return length;
} else {
// end of stream
return -1;
}
}
}